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﻿ ﻿ ﻿ ﻿ My Earth Project _

The Atmosphere The atmosphere is the air surrounding the earth. The major gases that make the atmosphere are nitrogen, oxygen and argon. Other gases are greenhouse gases like water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and ozone. Also many natural substances like pollen and air pollutants from factories.

There are several layers of the atmosphere.The outermost layer is the thermospher. The next inner layer is Mesosphere. The ozone layer is after the stratosphere. The last layer is the troposphere, then there is the Earth. The troposphere is where all the weather takes place. Airplanes fly by the northern part of the troposphere or the southern part of the stratosphere if they are traveling long distances. The air flow in the stratosphere is mainly horizontal and it also contains the ozone layer. The ozone layer has a high percent of ozone, that is how it got its name. The ozone layer is responsible for absorbing ultraviolet radiation from the sun. It is said that things from our world, like exhaust from cars, is depleting the ozone layer. Without the ozone layer we cannot live because the radiation would be too strong on us. The Mesosphere is the coldest part of the atmosphere. It is also very thick so it does not allow astroids to come through. The last layer is the thermosphere. In this layer auroras (northern and southern lights) occur. Satellites normally float around just outside this layer.

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The Greenhouse Effect: Carbon dioxide and water vapour in the troposphere catch the heat that the sun, that is not radiated back into space. The trapping of the heat is called "greenhouse effect." If there is too much carbon dioxide in the troposphere, the Earth will get too warm. With the Earth being too warm the weather patterns will change and melting ice caps making the water level high and then land will dissappear.  []

= ﻿ ﻿Random Fact About The Atmosphere: []=

It takes about 4,500 years for the gases in the air to develope.

=﻿ ﻿ ﻿Hydrosphere: = = ﻿The hydrosphere is all the water found in the oceans, glaciers, lakes, the soil, groundwater, in the air, streams, rivers, ponds and other places water stays. The hydrologic cycle traces the movement of water and energy. = = There is very little fresh water in the hydrosphere. Most of the fresh water is frozen. 97% of the water is salt water. =

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= ﻿ ﻿The Hydrologic Cycle: = = Heat and light from the sun provides enough energy to cause evaporation, like evaporation. =

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= ﻿ Geosphere: = = Also known as the lithosphere, containing the crust, core and mantle. So mainly the Earth itself. The geosphere holds all the rest of the spheres of the Earth. = = The crust of the geosphere is very uneven with mountain ranges, flat plains, and trenches like the Grand Canyon. The different layers of the geosphere have different charateristics. The outermost layer is loose soil with lots of nutrients, oxygen, and silicon. Under that is a thin layer of oxygen and silicon. Next is a thick, almost solid layer of oxygen, silicon, iron, and magnesium. The outer core is nickel and iron and is liquidy, and the inner layer of the core is solid and made of iron and nickel. =  []

= ﻿Biosphere: = === The biosphere is the living layer of the Earth. It includes the microorganisms, plants, and animals. The living things in the biosphere for communities or otherwise known as biomes. There are different type of biomes. The major three are grassland, tropical rainforests, and deserts. ===

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[] [] = State Standard 1: = === ﻿The earth is essentially a closed system because of the atmosphere. If a meteor falls toward the earth it ususlly burns up in the atmosphere. So nothing gets in unless it doesn't burn up or we bring it back like moon rocks in a space shuttle. === === A open system in when things can come in and out. A closed system is when things can not go in or cannot go out. The energy from the sun can come in though. We know this because we get warmth from the sun. === State Standard 2:

Here is a couple of examples about how the four systems perform together.

-Precipitation from the atmosphere runs over the land, dissolving and carrying limestone sediment from the geosphere into the hydrosphere. The calcium carbonate from the limestone is used by marine organisms (biosphere) such as coral and snails to make shells. When the animal dies, the calcium carbonate is deposited as sediment at the bottom of the ocean and eventually formed into sedimentary rock to start the whole cycle again. - A volcano in the geosphere erupts and throws ash into the atmosphere which changes the weather patterns and blocks sunlight which affects biosphere. Ash can also land or be carried by runoff into water systems affecting the hydosphere.

- A hurrican made by the hydrosphere and atmosphere throw garbage into the hydrosphere then birds from the biosphere eats the garbage chokes and dies. =  ﻿ ﻿ ﻿﻿ =   State Standard 3: = ﻿ A few examples: =

-Forest Fire!!!! It can destroy trees and plants and then the CO2 levels will go up again. We might have more erosion issues because the roots would burn up and then there will be more landslides. The ashes from the fire would run into the water. The smoke from the fire goes into the atmosphere and becomes pollution to it. -We cut down too many trees and then the plants aren't able to make enough oxygen and then the trees die. - Humans increase carbon dioxide in the atmosphere because of greenhouse gases from cars and factories. Its all global warming. The ocean level will rise because the atmosphere will deplete because of warmer weather and the ice will melt. As we increase CO2 it will get warmer and the plant species will change and if there is too much CO2 the plants can not handle it and the plants would die.

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